Your Complete Guide to Hernia Diagnosis & Treatment
Expert Insights from Dr. Hesham Atwa and His Experienced Team at Long Island Laparoscopic Doctors
Hernias are one of the most common general surgery conditions, affecting people of all ages and backgrounds. For some, symptoms may be subtle at first such as a small bulge or mild discomfort in areas such as your groin or abdomen. For others, pain, pressure, or a visible protrusion can interfere with daily life. Unfortunately, many people hope hernias will improve with time, but they typically worsen and can lead to serious complications if left untreated.
Early evaluation and treatment often mean a less invasive repair, shorter recovery, and better outcomes. This guide was created to help you understand hernias in clear, practical terms so you can take the right steps toward relief. At Long Island Laparoscopic Doctors, Dr. Hesham Atwa and his team specialize in minimally invasive and robotic hernia repair, serving patients throughout Nassau and Suffolk Counties and beyond.
What Is a Hernia?
A hernia occurs when an internal organ or tissue pushes through a weak spot or opening in the muscle or connective tissue that normally holds it in place. This often happens in the abdominal wall or groin area.
Hernias can appear suddenly or develop gradually due to factors like strain, aging, pregnancy, prior surgeries, or chronic coughing. Common symptoms include:
- A visible or noticeable bulge
- Pressure or discomfort, often worse when standing or lifting
- Pain or pulling sensations at the hernia site
While the discomfort may temporarily ease when lying down, the hernia itself does not resolve.
Over time, it can enlarge or lead to complications, such as incarceration (trapped tissue) or strangulation (cut-off blood supply), both of which require emergency surgery.
The Most Common Types of Hernias
Hernias can occur in different locations, and the type determines how it is best treated.
- Inguinal Hernia: Most common, occurring in the groin area. Often affects men but can occur in women too.
- Umbilical Hernia: Occurs near the belly button. Commmon in infants and adults with increased abdominal pressure.
- Incisional Hernia: Develops at the site of a prior surgical incision.
- Hiatal Hernia: Involves part of the stomach pushing into the chest cavity; often causes reflux and heartburn rather than a visible bulge.
- Ventral Hernia: A general term for hernias that occur along the front of the abdominal wall.
- Femoral Hernia: Occurs near the upper thigh/groin crease. This type is more common in women and can sometimes be misdiagnosed.
Each hernia type requires a personalized treatment plan. Dr. Hesham Atwa specializes in laparoscopic and robotic hernia repair to minimize discomfort and speed your recovery.
When to See a Doctor
Even small hernias can grow larger or cause problems over time. You should schedule a consultation if you notice:
- A new or persistent bulge
- Pain or discomfort that worsens with activity
- A hernia that doesn’t reduce (go back in) when lying down
Call 911 or go to the emergency room immediately if you have:
- Sudden or severe pain
- A bulge that is red, firm, or tender
- Nausea, vomiting, or abdominal distention
These can be signs of a strangulated hernia, which is a surgical emergency. Early evaluation can help prevent these complications and make your treatment easier and safer.
How Hernias Are Diagnosed
Hernia diagnosis typically starts with a physical examination. Dr. Hesham Atwa or his fellow surgeons will gently evaluate the area of concern and assess the size and reducibility of the hernia. Some hernias are easily felt or seen, while others (especially hiatal hernias) require imaging such as an ultrasound, CT scan, or endoscopy.
Accurate diagnosis ensures the right treatment plan is developed for your specific hernia type of hernia. Catching it early often means a simpler, less invasive repair and a faster recovery.
Treatment Options
While small hernias can sometimes be monitored, surgery is the only way to repair the hernia and prevent complications. The good news is that today’s surgical techniques are more advanced and less invasive than ever.
1. Watchful Waiting
For small hernias that don’t cause discomfort, watchful waiting can be appropriate. However, it’s not a permanent solution. Regular monitoring ensures prompt treatment if symptoms progress.
2. Laparoscopic or Robotic Hernia Repair (Minimally Invasive)
Using small incisions and a camera, laparoscopic or robotic repair offers less pain, smaller scars, and quicker recovery compared to traditional open surgery. Most patients return home the same day.
3. Open Hernia Repair
For large or complex hernias, open repair may be necessary. This is also highly effective and safe, with excellent long-term outcomes when performed by an experienced surgeon like Dr. Hesham Atwa.
Understanding the Potential Use of Mesh in Hernia Repair
Many hernia repairs today include the use of a surgical mesh. Mesh is a thin, flexible material that helpsreinforce the weak area in the muscle wall where the hernia developed. Think of it like adding an extra layer of support to help prevent the hernia from coming back.
Mesh can be made from different materials, but most are soft, medical-grade and designed to safely stay in the body. In many cases, mesh is placed underneath or over the weak spot and secured gently, allowing your tissue to grow into it over time. This creates a stronger repair than stitches alone.
Benefits of Using Mesh
- Lower risk of the hernia coming back
- Faster recovery for most patients
- Less tension on the repair site, which can mean less pain after surgery
- Works well with laparoscopic or robotic surgery, allowing for smaller incisions and quicker healing
Safety & Oversight
Mesh used by experienced surgeons like Dr. Hesham Atwa meets strict safety standards set by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Complications are uncommon, but as with any medical procedure, there can be risks. Dr. Hesham Atwa will talk with you about whether mesh is the best option for your specific type of hernia.
Common Questions About Mesh
Will I feel the mesh?
In most cases, no. Mesh is soft and flexible, and most patients can’t feel it after healing.
Will it stay in my body forever?
Some mesh is permanent and designed to stay in place for life. Other types dissolve over time as your tissue strengthens.
Is mesh safe?
Yes. Hernia mesh has been used successfully for decades. Serious complications are rare, especially when placed by a trained, experienced surgeon.
What to Expect Before & After Surgery
Before Surgery
Before your procedure, you’ll meet with your surgeon to review your medical history, discuss the surgical plan, and receive pre-operative instructions. This may include fasting guidelines, medication adjustments, and lab testing to ensure your safety during the procedure.
After Surgery
Most hernia repairs are outpatient procedures, meaning you’ll return home the same day. Discomfort is usually mild and improves quickly. Most patients can resume walking and light activities within 24–48 hours and return to work within days. Heavy lifting (greater than 10 pounds) should be avoided for several weeks to allow the repair to heal fully.
Dr. Hesham Atwa’s and the team at Long Island Laparoscopic Doctors will provide detailed post-operative care instructions and schedule follow-up visits to monitor your recovery and ensure long-term success.
Preventing Future Hernias
While not all hernias can be prevented, some lifestyle strategies can lower your risk or reduce recurrence after surgery:
- Maintain a healthy weight to reduce abdominal pressure.
- Use proper lifting techniques and avoid unnecessary strain.
- Treat chronic coughing, constipation, or other conditions that increase abdominal pressure.
- Gradually strengthen your core muscles after your surgeon clears you for exercise.
Adopting these habits can protect your repair and help keep your abdominal wall strong and supported.
Why Long Island Patients Trust Dr. Hesham Atwa and His Team
Dr. Hesham Atwa is an award winning, published, board-certified surgeon with advanced training in laparoscopic and robotic hernia repair. He has performed thousands of successful hernia surgeries and is known for his expertise and personalized, compassionate approach.
At Long Island Laparoscopic Doctors, patients benefit from:
- Minimally invasive surgical techniques
- Fast recovery and reduced pain
- State-of-the-art facilities close to home
- A team dedicated to patient comfort and education
Long Island residents from both Nassau and Suffolk Counties trust Dr. Hesham Atwa and his team for their hernia care because they combine surgical expertise with genuine patient support.
Take the Next Step Toward Relief
A hernia won’t heal on its own, but the solution is often simpler and less intimidating than many people expect. Modern minimally invasive hernia repair allows most patients to return to their normal lives quickly and with minimal discomfort.
If you suspect a hernia or have already been diagnosed, we’re here to help. Schedule a consultation today and take the first step toward lasting relief.
Schedule your consultation today and take the first step toward lasting relief.
References & Resources
To ensure accuracy and patient trust, the information in this guide is based on reputable surgical and medical resources, including:
1https://www.facs.org/for-patients/the-day-of-your-surgery/adult-umbilical-hernia/